The drive axle is located at the end of the powertrain. Its basic functions are:
① To transmit the engine torque from the universal joint to the drive wheels through the final drive, differential, and half-shafts, thereby reducing speed and increasing torque;
② To change the direction of torque transmission through the bevel gear pair of the final drive;
③ To achieve differential speed control between the inner and outer wheels through the differential, ensuring that the inner and outer wheels steer at different speeds;
④ To bear load and transmit torque through the axle housing and wheels.
